The Geological Relations of the Oil Shales of Southern Burma

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Abstract
The view from the old Moulmein Pagoda, looking either westward to the sea or eastward over the plains beside the Salween, is of exceptional geological attractiveness. At the foot of the hill the Salween River passes through a breach in the Coast Range to the Gulf of Martaban. To the east picturesque monoliths, tors, and sierras rise abruptly from a vast alluvial plain which lies between the Coast Range and the distant Dawna Mountains on the Burmese side of the Siamese frontier. The interest of the view in September, 1921, was enhanced by uncertainty as to the age of the rocks. The foundation of the Coast Range consists of a blue gneiss, which is worked in large quarries to provide road metal for Rangoon. The Dawna Range, on the eastern side of the basin, is also of coarse gneiss and schist. These Eozoic rocks of both the Coast and Dawna Ranges belong to the Martaban Group of Theobald, who described them as “true crystalline rocks undistinguishable in character from the ordinary gneissose rocks of Bengal”. The sedimentary rocks overlying the Martaban Group belong to the Moulmein Group of T. Oldham, and have been regarded as Carboniferous on the strength of his preliminary determination in 1856 of some fossils from a limestone hill known as the “Duke of York's Nose”, near Moulmein.

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