Production of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone by Isolates of Fusarium graminearum Schw.

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Abstract
Production of deoxynivalenol (DON) on rice, corn, wheat, and barley grains by Fusarium graminearum Schw. NRRL 5883 was investigated. Highest yields (91.9–202 ppm) were obtained on rice; yields on the other substrates were: corn (34.1–84.5 ppm), wheat (3.6–24.4 ppm), and barley (0–6.6 ppm). Fusarium isolates (49) from corn inoculated in the field with strains of F. graminearum, collected from corn plants infected with stalk rot, were tested for DON production on corn. Twenty of these were also tested for zearalenone production. One isolate produced more than 200 ppm DON, 13 produced 20–50 ppm, 17 produced 10–20 ppm, and the rest produced less than 10 ppm. All 20 isolates tested produced zearalenone; 18 produced higher levels of zearalenone (15.4–369 ppm) than of DON. The other 2 isolates formed essentially the same levels of zearalenone and DON—37 and 30 ppm, and 15 and 16 ppm, respectively.