The Effect of Facet Geometry on the Axial Torque-Rotation Response of Lumbar Motion Segments

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Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the facet geometry on the axial torque-rotation response of lumbar motion segments. The three-dimensional facet geometry of 35 L2–3 and 35 L4–5 specimens has been quantified in terms of seven parameters from computed tomographic transverse sections taken at 2–mm intervals. The motion segments have then been subjected to axial torque, for a variety of preload conditions, to establish the axial torque-rotation response. There exists significant variation of facet geometry between the segment levels; however, the degree of facet asymmetry is identical for each level. No significant correlation exists between the lumbar facet geometry and the axial torque-rotation response. The facet joints do, however, act as a “positive stop” to axial rotation, regardless of their orientation. Therefore, axial rotation sufficient to cause disc injury may only be possible after facet failure

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