Tunable ceramic phase shifters and their applications

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Abstract
There is considerable interest in the development of microwave ceramic phase shifters because of limitations of currently available ferrite and PIN diode phase shifters regarding cost and reliability and complexity. Ceramic phase shifters may provide a cost breakthrough for the phased array antenna designer while maintaining low insertion losses and low drive power and high power handling capacity. This paper describes ceramic phase shifters which utilize a ferroelectric material [(Ba-Sr)TiO3 series] for obtaining phase shifts from changes in dc biasing fields. Also, the dielectric properties are measured as a function of dc biasing fields, frequency and temperature for a few compositions of barium-strontium titanate material. For the frequency range of 400 MHz to 5 GHz, differential phase shift is obtained by a dc voltage-controlled lumped barium-strontium titanate capacitor in a coaxial line or stripline medium. For 5 to 18 GHz frequency range, a barium-strontium titanate material which partially or completely fills the rectangular waveguide is required for the construction of a ceramic phase shifter.

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