The hollow-cathode helium-fluorine laser

Abstract
It is possible to obtain uniform stable long‐pulse excitation (?100 μs) in gas mixtures involving highly electronegative constituents (SF6, CCl4, NF3, and I2). Such a system was used to investigate the atomic fluorine laser. In the hollow cathode, lasing on fluorine transitions in the doublet system lasted for up to 80 μs with no signs of the self‐termination as reported previously in positive‐column devices. The excitation process of the laser appears to depend heavily upon the fluorine donor utilized. For instance, a single‐step process is involved when NF3 is used whereas a two‐step process is evident for SF6. The details will be discussed.