In Vitro Inhibition of Oocyte Nuclear Maturation in the Bovine1

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Abstract
Bovine follicular oocytes (N = 5991) were exposed to an analog of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) (2.5, 5, and 10 mM), the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl methyl xanthine (IBMX, 0.2 mM), or the purine, hypoxanthine (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mM), and the nucleoside, adenosine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 mM), for 6 or 21 h to assess their effects on oocyte nuclear maturation. Potential effects of bovine follicular fluid (BFF) were also evaluated after different preculture washing procedures. In a separate experiment, denuded oocytes were used to study the effect of cumulus removal on meiotic inhibition. Db-cAMP decreased the frequency of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 6 h (88% for control and 51%, 45%, and 32% for 2.5, 5, and 10 mM concentrations, respectively). IBMX had a comparable effect with only 41% of the oocytes resuming meiosis. Hypoxanthine and adenosine alone or in combinations also decreased the number of oocytes undergoing GVBD at 6 h. Only 22% GVBD occurred when the combined highest concentration of both substances was used compared to 88% in controls. If oocytes were incubated in 50% BFF after a wash in control medium during processing, 56% would resume meiosis at 6 h vs. 35% if the washing procedure included inhibitors (db-cAMP + IBMX). Total BFF (100%) during washing and maturation prevented 72% of the oocytes from resuming meiosis. Db-cAMP and IMBX combined or BFF also inhibited meiotic resumption of denuded oocytes. At 21 h, the inhibitory effects were less pronounced, with most oocytes only delayed in completing the first reduction division.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)