Strong chemical interaction between indium tin oxide and phthalocyanines

Abstract
We present a study of the interface properties between indium tin oxide (ITO) and the well-established molecular organic semiconductor copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) and its fluorinated relative copper tetraflourophthalocyanine (CuPCF4) using photoemission spectroscopy. It is shown that a strong chemical interaction occurs between the PC molecules and ITO which indicates the presence of interface states at these technically relevant interfaces.