Transient Grating Measurements of Excitonic Dynamics in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Dark Excitonic Bottleneck

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Abstract
Transient grating measurements affirm the excitonic model for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) by identifying the dark exciton (D) as the population relaxation bottleneck in semiconducting-SWNT (S-SWNT). The data allow the reconstruction of the kinetics of excitonic cascade and cooling, from band continuum to vibrational cooling in the ground electronic state. In S-SWNT, the intraband relaxation occurs in 40 fs, localization into the 2g exciton occurs in 50 fs, followed by the excitonic cascade: 2g → 1u → D → 1g with time constants of 175 fs, 3 ps, 300 ps, respectively. Fluorescence from the 1u state is quenched by efficient population transfer to 1D dark exciton. In metallic tubes, cooling is completed on the time scale of 1 ps.