A Developmental Investigation of Standard and Nonstandard English among Black and White Children

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Abstract
Data are reported and interpreted involving language imitation, comprehension, and free production of two English dialects. The major subgroupings of 360 subjects involved two races (black and white), sex, socioeconomic level (low SES and middle SES), and age (5, 8, and 10 years). Rate of improvement measures indicated that blacks improve at the same rate as whites in responding to standard English sentences. According to correlational results, the two dialect systems function behaviorally as separate cognitive systems. In a communication task, blacks and whites produce and comprehend messages of about the same quality

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