The application of soil mechanics to spouted bed design

Abstract
The annular material around a spout may be considered to be a loosely packed assembly of particles with its behavior described by effective stresses using the Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion as employed in soil mechanics. The work shows the development of a height‐independent stress model together with an interpretation of the mathematical results in physical terms. The form of a simple equation for spout diameter is shown which gives some information about the interactions between the spout and the annular material.

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