Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Propham by Wheat(Triticum aestivum), Sugarbeet(Beta vulgaris), and Alfalfa(Medicago sativa)

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Abstract
Uptake, translocation, and metabolism of propham (isopropyl carbanilate) were ascertained for wheat (Triticum aestivum L., ‘Neepawa’) sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L., ‘HH-10’), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., ‘Cherokee’) when grown in either liquid culture or in soil. Three-week-old wheat and 5-week-old sugarbeet and alfalfa plants were treated with 14C-propham in liquid culture for 1, 2, and 4 days. Other plants were placed in treated soil at 10 weeks after germination and grown for 15 weeks. Wheat absorbed 98%, sugarbeet 93%, and alfalfa 81% of the propham from solution after 4 days. Propham was translocated in all species. Under liquid culture, three polar metabolites of propham were isolated from wheat and alfalfa extracts and one was isolated from sugarbeet extracts. The agylcone moiety of the two most polar wheat metabolites was isopropyl-4-hydroxycarbanilate and that of the least polar metabolite was isopropyl-2-hydroxycarbanilate. The aglycone of all alfalfa and sugarbeet polar metabolites was isopropyl-4-hydroxycarbanilate. Only one polar metabolite was isolated from all soil-treated plants. The aglycone moiety was determined to be isopropyl-4-hydroxycarbanilate. Of the propham absorbed 95, 91, 89, and 36% was metabolized by sugarbeet roots, sugarbeet leaves, wheat leaves, and alfalfa leaves, respectively, after a 4-day liquid culture treatment. Propham was 100% metabolized when applied to plants via soil application.