Causes and correlates of adolescent drug abuse and implications for treatment

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Abstract
On the basis of the literature, the following risk factors for drug abuse by adolescents were identified: biological predisposition to drug abuse; personality traits that reflect a lack of social bonding; a history of low quality and consistency of family management, family communication, family relationships and parental role‐modelling, a history of being abused or neglected; low socio‐economic status; emotional or psychiatric problems; significant stressors and/or inadequate coping skills and social supports; inadequate social skills; history of associating with drug‐using peers, rejection by prosocial peers due to poor social skills; a history of low commitment to education, failure at school; a history of anti‐social behaviour and delinquency and early initiation to drug use. Models for conceptualizing the aetiology of drug abuse are discussed, namely Jessor's problem behaviour syndrome and Rhodes & Jason's Social Stress Model. It is clear that the path to drug abuse is complex, so simple solutions to the problem are unlikely to be effective. [Spooner C. Causes and correlates of adolescent drug abuse and implications for treatment. Drug Alcohol Rev 1999;18:453–475]