Abstract
FIFTY-FIVE years ago, while a student, I wrote A my first scientific paper.1 Its subject was the effect of carbon dioxide on the central nervous system. My research showed that carbon dioxide has two opposing but simultaneous effects, excitatory and inhibitory. As a logical postulate it seemed to me impossible that these two effects could be referred to the same substance. At that time I did not succeed in solving the problem. It was only ten years later that I found the answer to the apparent contradiction. I had discovered a method by which newborn mammals could be kept alive . . .

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