The neural control of contraction in a fast insect muscle

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Abstract
The wing muscles used in singing by the katydid, Neoconocephalus robustus, are extraordinarily fast. At 35°C, the animal's thoracic temperature during singing, an isometric twitch lasts only five to eight msec (onset to 50% relaxation) and the fusion frequency of these muscles is greater than 400 Hz. Stimulating the motornerve to a singing muscle initiates a short (2.5 msec at 35°C), sometimes overshooting depolarization of the muscle fibers. Despite their spike-like appearance, the electrical responses are largely synaptic potentials. The muscle membrane appears to be capable of only weak, electrically-excitable, depolarizing electrogenesis. The short synaptic potentials result in part from rapidly-developing delayed rectification, in part from a low resting membrane resistance (Rm = 162 Ωcm2) and a concomitantly short membrane time constant (about 1.5 msec).