Soap—Based detergent formulations: XXV. Synthesis and surface active properties of higher molecular weight betaine lime soap dispersants

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Abstract
A series of surface active betaines have been prepared via the quaternization of a tertiary amine with drolysis. The betaines possessed a hydrophobic (C12‐C16) alkyl side chain, and the anionic and cationic sites were separated by one, two, or three methylene groups or a benzyl group. The betaines were more water soluble and were poorer lime soap dispersants than analogous sulfobetaines. Detergency of most soap‐based detergent formulations containing the betaine lime soap dispersants was good and generally close to that of a commercial control detergent containing 50% sodium tripolyphosphate in screening tests conducted in water of 300 ppm hardness.