Development of distress vocalization during withdrawal of an imprinting stimulus.

Abstract
Assessed the distress vocalization during repeated presentation and withdrawal of an imprinting stimulus in 2 groups of 4 newly hatched Khaki Campbell ducklings-one group tested in a familiar and the other an unfamiliar environment. Ss tested in an unfamiliar environment emitted many distress calls before initial stimulus presentation; distress calls terminated abruptly upon the 1st stimulus presentation and thereafter were restricted to periods of stimulus withdrawal. Ss tested in a familiar environment gave no distress calls before initial presentation; however, as more and more presentations occurred, an increasing amount of distress vocalization occurred following each stimulus withdrawal. Findings are interpreted in terms of an opponent-process theory of motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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