The distribution of F-actin during the development of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda)

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Abstract
The distribution of actin filaments in all developmental stages of the tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum was studied. It is the first investigation of the placement of microfilaments during the development of a flatworm, and the results show that actin filaments, in all developmental stages, can be found in the subtegument and the flame cells. Muscle fibers possibly corresponding to the longitudinal, transversal, and dorsoventral muscles of the adult and plerocercoid were already detected in the procercoid. Concerning the adult worm, a new set of longitudinal fibers in the peripheral parts of the adult proglottid was found. The ducts of the protonephridial system and the vitellarias were seen to be surrounded by longitudinally oriented actin filaments, while the uterine ducts and the vagina were encircled by microfilaments. Prominent layers of circular muscle fibers surrounded the cirrus and the seminal vesicle, and radial fibers were also detected. Areas faintly stained with TRITC-phalloidin were found in the developing germ cells, the cells of the genital anlage, vitelline cells, the tegument, and the main nerve cords. None of these structures were autofluorescent, which is also true concerning the intensively labeled oncospheral hooks.

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