Isolation and characterization of mutants of firefly luciferase which produce different colors of light

Abstract
The luciferase cDNA from the ‘Genji’ firefly, Luciola cruciata, was mutated with hydroxylamine to isolate mutant lucierases. Some of the isolated mutant enzymes produced different colors of light, ranging from green to red. Five such mutants, producing green (λmax = 558 nm), yellow-orange (λmax = 595 nm), orange (λmax = 607 nm) and red light (λmax = 609 and 612 nm), were analyzed. The mutations were found to be single amino acid changes, from Val239 to IIe, Pro452 to Ser, Ser286 to Asn, Gly326 to Ser and His433 to Tyr respectively.

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