X. Effects of stress and magnetisation on the thermoelectric quality of iron

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Abstract
1. In May, 1881, the writer submitted to the Royal Society a paper entitled “Effects of Stress on the Thermoelectric Quality of Metals, Part I.,” an abstract of which was published in the ‘Proceedings,’ vol. 32 (1881), p. 399. The paper was described as incomplete, and its further publication was postponed until additional results should be submitted. The experiments were continued in 1882-3, in the physical laboratory of the University of Tokiô, in conjunction with others on the magnetisation of iron. These latter, which were communicated to the Royal Society in January, 1885, and are now being published in the 1 Philosophical Transactions,’ have a very intimate relation to the subject of this paper, and the writer has for this reason deferred the publication of the thermoelectric experiments until the appearance of the experiments in magnetism. The present paper embodies the results of the paper referred to above as Part I. (sufficiently folly to make separate publication of that part unnecessary), along with those of subsequent work, in which the writer has to acknowledge the very valuable help of one of his Japanese students, Mr. S. Sakai. 2. In the earlier experiments the thermoelectric effects of stress on an iron wire were studied by exposing a piece of the wire to longitudinal pull, while one of the junctions between the stressed and the unstressed part was kept at a temperature of about 100°C., the other junction being at the atmospheric temperature, or about 15°C. to 20°C. The wire was held at one end of the stressed portion by being twisted round a fixed hook. Various plans of heating this junction were tried; the plan finally selected, and followed throughout all the experiments, was to immerse the hook in a bath of hot oil, whose temperature was kept very nearly uniform by a regulated flame under it. The other end of the stressed portion of the wire was connected to a cord which passed over a fixed pulley, and from which a light water-tank hung. Pull was applied to the wire by running water into the tank, and could be relaxed by allowing water to escape through a stopcock at the foot of the tank. Water was run in at a sensibly uniform rate, and the pull on the wire was given by the reading of a glass gauge-tube at the side of the tank, which was graduated to show each kilogramme of pull on the wire. In all the experiments described in Part I. the water-tank was used as the means of applying load; but in later work it was found more convenient, and not less satisfactory, to load the wire by stringing discs of lead on a vertical rod which took the place of the tank.
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