Differential modulation of endothelin ligand-induced contraction in isolated tracheae from endothelin B (ETB) receptor knockout mice

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Abstract
The role of endothelin B (ET(B)) receptors in mediating ET ligand-induced contractions in mouse trachea was examined in ET(B) receptor knockout animals. Autoradiographic binding studies, using [(125)I]-ET-1, confirmed the presence of ET(A) receptors in tracheal and bronchial airway smooth muscle from wild-type (+/+) and homozygous recessive (-/-) ET(B) receptor knockout mice. In contrast, ET(B) receptors were not detected in airway tissues from (-/-) mice. In tracheae from (+/+) mice, the rank order of potencies of the ET ligands was sarafotoxin (Stx) S6c>ET-1>ET-3; Stx S6c had a lower efficacy than ET-1 or ET-3. In tissues from (-/-) mice there was no response to Stx S6c (up to 0.1 microM), whereas the maximum responses and potencies of ET-1 and ET-3 were similar to those in (+/+) tracheae. ET-3 concentration-response curve was biphasic in (+/+) tissues (via ET(A) and ET(B) receptor activation), and monophasic in (-/-) preparations (via stimulation of only ET(A) receptors). In (+/+) preparations SB 234551 (1 nM), an ET(A) receptor-selective antagonist, inhibited the secondary phase, but not the first phase, of the ET-3 concentration-response curve, whereas A192621 (100 nM), an ET(B) receptor-selective antagonist, had the opposite effect. In (-/-) tissues SB 234551 (1 nM), but not A192621 (100 nM), produced a rightward shift in ET-3 concentration-response curves. The results confirm the significant influence of both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors in mediating ET-1-induced contractions in mouse trachea. Furthermore, the data do not support the hypothesis of atypical ET(B) receptors. In this preparation ET-3 is not an ET(B) receptor-selective ligand, producing contractions via activation of both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors.