Short‐term Changes in Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools during Tillage Management Transition

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Abstract
It is well established that distribution of organic C and N within a soil profile is substantially influenced by long‐term conversion of soil from plow‐tillage to no‐tillage management, but little is known about the short‐term changes in the character of soil organic matter during transition between these two soil management systems. To characterize the changes in composition of organic C and N pools in soil during tillage transition, we measured total N, organic C, active N, biomass N, and biomass C at depth intervals of 0 to 2.5, 2.5 to 5, 5 to 12.5, and 12.5 to 20 cm within the profile of soil during the first 3 yr in the transition from plow tillage to no tillage. The results obtained showed that transformation of a soil profile from that typical of plow tillage management to one characteristic of no tillage occurred rapidly within a 3‐yr period of transition. In this time period, stratification of organic matter in the profile progressed significantly toward that which occurs after 20 yr of no‐tillage treatment. For example, substantial increases in total N (30%), organic C (38%), biomass N (87%), and biomass C (33%) were detected in the top layer of notillage soil along with corresponding decreases of 6%, 7%, 35%, and 15% of those respective components in the bottom layer. With transition, the biomass C, biomass N, and active N pools increased more rapidly in the upper soil profile than did the total pools of C and N. Although the characteristic profile of no‐tillage soil developed quickly during tillage transition, evidence was equivocal for any significant increase in organic matter content within the first 3 yr after conversion to no‐tillage management.

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