Comparative Toxicities of Some Insecticides to the Tobacco Budworm 1 and Its Ichneumonid Parasite, Campoletis sonorensis 23

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Abstract
Representatives of different insecticide classes were tested for toxicity to larvae of an organophosphate (OP) resistant strain of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and adults of one of its Ichneumonid parasites, Campoletis sonorensis (Carlson). Organochlorine insecticides, most phosphorothionates (P=S), a carbamate, a formamidine and natural pyrethrins were at least 100 times as toxic to the parasite as to the host. An S -alkyl phosphorodithioate, several S -alkyl phosphorothiolates and phosphates (P=O), and several synthetic pyrethroids were more nearly equal in toxicity to the parasite and the host. Those insecticides much more toxic to the parasite than the host are detoxified primarily by oxidative processes. Many of the insecticides of similar toxicity to both insects are detoxified in large part by hydrolytic processes. The data indicate that hydrolytically metabolized insecticides may be best suited for use in integrated control programs as they are less likely to selectively kill parasite populations.

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