Melanogenesis in murine B16 cells exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila cytotoxic enterotoxin

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Abstract
Specific markers (growth, melanogenesis) of B16 murine melanoma cells in culture were used as indicators of toxin production by Aeromonas hydrophla. Cytotonic enterotoxinlike activity (inhibited growth, raised tyrosinase activity, and melanin accumulation) occurred at cytotoxic end points of purified .beta.-hemolysin and several culture filtrates. Antihemolysin rabbit serum inhibited this activity. A hemolysin-neutralized culture filtrate concentrate (10 .times.) failed to elevate tyrosinase relative to untreated and cholera toxin treated controls. Similair dilution profiles using Chinese hamster ovary cells showed limited cell extension only at cytotoxic end points with antihemolysin inhibiting this activity. Cytoxicity of Chinese hamster ovary cells and B16 cells was proportional to hemolytic activity, with B16 cells showing about 100-fold greater sensivity on a per cell basis. Cell culture cytotoxicity attributed to .beta.-hemolysin correlated with reactivity in rabbit ileal loop assays. The ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of concentrated (10 .times.) A. hydrophila culture infiltrates and fractions thereof was negative. Apparently sublethal doses of A. hydrophila .beta.-hemolysin can nonspecifically stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated events in melanoma and Chinese hamster ovary cell assays, producing lower activities than cholera toxin with shorter lag times.