Responses of red spruce seedlings to ozone and acid deposition

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Abstract
Red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) seedlings were treated with ozone and simulated acid precipitation to determine the effects of these pollutants on growth, nonstructural carbohydrates, and foliar mineral content. One-year-old seedlings were fumigated with ozone (at 0.15 μL/L for 6 h/d or at 0.15 μL/L for 6 h/d plus 0.07 μL/L for 18 h/d) and treated with simulated precipitation (pH 3.5, 4.0, or 4.5) for up to 28 weeks. Seedlings were harvested at 7-week intervals. Ozone had no effect on growth, and precipitation acidity affected only terminal length. Carbohydrate pools were altered little by the ozone and precipitation treatments. Of eight minerals tested, only Ca was affected by precipitation acidity and only P and Cu were affected by ozone. The results of this experiment show that red spruce seedlings that receive ample supplies of water and nutrients are tolerant to ozone and changes in precipitation acidity.

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