Learning during directed attention.

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Abstract
Three groups of 24 subjects each learned lists of paired associates under various conditions of directed attention. Attention was directed by means of red or black lines under the pairs of nouns. For each condition of learning one list had the middle section underlined in black and another list in red. The same lists were used by the control group, to which no direction of attention was given, and by the other group, which received specific instructions. Directed attention brings about more economical learning than non-directed effort. Learning values of such direction are the same regardless of whether the first, middle, or last part of the unit to be memorized receives the directed effort. When difficult and easy material alternate frequently within the same unit, the entire unit is memorized slightly faster than when the same material is grouped into successively difficult material. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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