Coronary arteriovenous fistula presenting as congestive heart failure

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Abstract
Coronary arteriovenous fistulae are rare, but can be of hemodynamic significance. We report a circumflex‐coronary sinus fistula in an elderly man which was associated with a loud continuous murmur and congestive heart failure. Noninvasive evaluation, including transesophageal echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, suggested the diagnosis. Angiographic diagnosis of concomitant atherosclerotic coronary disease may be difficult, and can require postoperative study.