Abstract
A new concept of the evolution of the entire Alpine system is presented, based on a comparative study of chronodiagrams for the ranges bordering the Mediterranean both in Europe and Africa. The relation of post-paroxysmal (Miocene) nappes and Plio-Quaternary deformation to the main orogeny, the mechanism of the Mediterranean tectorogen, and some seeming anomalies are explained. A selected bibliography is appended.