Sphagnum-dominated peatlands of the hyperoceanic British Columbia coast: patterns in surface water chemistry and vegetation

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Abstract
Vegetation from 133 relevés representing a broad spectrum of peatland types from the Prince Rupert area, British Columbia was divided into six relevé groups. The 210 taxa found in these relevés were classified into six species groups. In general, the species groups are related to one another along shade and height (above water level) gradients. Chemical and physiographic gradients that correlate with the relevé distribution pattern on a detrended correspondence analysis ordination are surface water chemistry, shade, and height. In particular, the major gradient influencing the first axis of the ordination is shade. The second axis of the ordination is related to a complex chemical gradient in which hydrogen ion, calcium, and sulphate are the most important components. These chemical changes are influenced by ombrotrophy. Surface water chemistry patterns show enriched ionic conditions on Graham Island (Queen Charlotte Islands), with a decrease inland. Especially important is the decrease of sodium and chloride ion. The peatlands studied include ombrotrophic bogs and soligenous fens. Raised bogs were found in basins, whereas blanket bogs occurred on gentle slopes at the most oceanic site. Pinuscontorta Loud. var. contorta is most abundant on ombrotrophic sites, whereas Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (Lamb.) Spach is dominant in soligenous fens. Soligenous poor fen, characterized by high Sphagnum abundance in lawns and forest islands and pH of 4.4–6.6, is the peatland type most frequently encountered in the study area.