Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Celiac Disease

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Abstract
The association between celiac disease (CD) and lymphoma has long been established. In 1937, Fairly and Mackie1 reported the association of malignant lymphoma of the small intestine with steatorrhea. In 1962, Gough et al2 described 5 cases of small intestinal lymphoma in patients with long-standing CD. A series of celiac-associated lymphomas have since been reported.3-5 The most frequent malignancy associated with CD is a high-grade, T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the upper small intestine, currently defined as enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL), that peaks in the sixth or seventh decade of life.6 Also CD may be associated with other NHL types of both the B- and T-cell type in either the gut or other primary sites.7,8 Holmes et al provided evidence that dietary compliance to a gluten-free diet (GFD) reduces the risk of lymphoma and other malignancies in CD.9