Studies of an Integrated Control System for Hornworms on Tobacco

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Abstract
Hornworms on tobacco, Protoparce sexta (Johan.) and P. quinquemaculata (Haw.), are now controlled with insecticides. When Polistes wasps were induced to nest in shelters erected around the fields or move from the nesting sites to the field, populations of fifth-instar hornworms were reduced by about 60% and damage by 74%. However, the predators had little effect on tobacco budworms (Heliothis virescens.)) and did not prevent severe damage when hornworm populations were very high and wild populations of wasps were low. When TDE or endrin was applied to the top four or five leaves of the plant when the first larvae reached the fourth instar, control was obtained with about one-fifth the recommended dosage. A system of integrated biological and insecticidal control adjusted to meet local conditions is suggested.

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