Cationic exchange reactions of cellulose and their effect on insulation resistance

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Abstract
It is shown that a wide range of cations can enter into exchange reactions with cellulose and that, when the reaction with given cations is complete, equal numbers of atoms are attached to the cellulose irrespective of valency. Probable mechanisms are discussed. The electrical resistivity of cellulose in the form of insulating paper has also been studied when the material is modified in various ways by cationic exchange. It is shown that the best values of resistivity arc obtained when the cations attached to the cellulose are bivalent and the worst when the exchange is by univalent ions. Of the univalent ions investigated, hydrogen causes the lowest resistivity. The implications of this arc discussed and means of improving insulation resistance are proposed. The effects of cationic exchange on resistivity may readily be masked in commercial insulating papers by electrolytes deposited in the fibres. These must be removed by adequate washing if the full advantage of beneficial cationic exchange is to be achieved.

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