Ultrastructure of initial calcification in wound healing following pulpotomy

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Abstract
Initial calcification in healing amputated tooth pulps was examined in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The process is characterized by an abundance of extracellular matrix vesicles (0.1–0.2 μm in diameter) distributed between forming cells and the surface of the amputated pulp. Osmiophilic material and needle-like crystals within the vesicles was followed by disappearance of the vesicular membrane and accumlation of crystals that aggregate into calcified fronts. Ca and P were detected in these needle-like crystals by an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. This finding suggests that the crystals were produced during the calcifying process. The healing of amputated tooth pulps is essentially similar to initial clarification events that occur in other normal and pathologic calcified tissues.