Analysis of paternity. The use of HLA and red cell antigens

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Abstract
Over a 6-yr period, 866 cases were analyzed for disputed parentage. In 194 cases (22%), the alleged father was excluded as the biological father. A total of 181 cases (93%) were direct exclusions, and 13 cases (7%) were indirect exclusions. Of falsely accused men, 92% were identified by typing for HLA antigens alone. Exclusions based solely on red cell data occurred in 8% of the cases. When only HLA testing was performed, 177 of 362 cases (43%) had a probability of paternity of .gtoreq. 95%. When both HLA and red cell typings were performed, 110 of cases (69%) had a probability of paternity of .gtoreq. 95%. No significant differences in the proportion of exclusions or proportion of alleged fathers with a probability of paternity of .gtoreq. 95% were observed between Caucasians or blacks. Typing for HLA antigens provides the most powerful data for excluding or including an alleged father. However, typing for red cell antigens adds significant data in excluding a falsely accused man and in determining the probability of paternity at a critical level (.gtoreq. 95%). Additional assays apparently are needed to identify genetic characteristics of cases with probability of paternity < 95%.

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