Mycobacterium arupense sp. nov., a non-chromogenic bacterium isolated from clinical specimens

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Abstract
SeveralMycobacterium-like organisms related to theMycobacterium terraecomplex have been isolated from clinical samples. In the clinical microbiology laboratory, partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing (approximately the first 500 bp) rather than full 16S rRNA gene sequencing is often used to identifyMycobacteriumspecies. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed 100 % similarity between 65 clinical isolates andMycobacteriumsp. MCRO 6 (GenBank accession no. X93032). Even after sequencing the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene, closest similarity was only 99.6 % toMycobacterium nonchromogenicumATCC 19530T. Sequencing of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene, the 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer region and thehsp65gene did not reveal genotypic identity with the type strains ofM. nonchromogenicum,M. terraeorMycobacterium triviale. Although sequence analysis suggested that these clinical isolates represented a novel species, mycolic acid analysis by HPLC failed to distinguish them fromM. nonchromogenicum. Therefore, phenotypic analysis including growth characterization, antibiotic susceptibility testing and biochemical testing was performed. These strains from clinical samples should be recognized as representing a novel species of the genusMycobacterium, for which the nameMycobacterium arupensesp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AR30097T(=ATCC BAA-1242T=DSM 44942T).

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