The Globalization and Europeanization of Mortgage Markets
- 1 June 2009
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in International Journal of Urban and Regional Research
- Vol. 33 (2) , 389-410
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00877.x
Abstract
Do globalization and Europeanization lead to the deterritorialization of European mortgage markets? Neither economic globalization nor EU policies have resulted in one European mortgage market. The various European mortgage markets are still quite different from one another in many respects. In most countries national lenders continue to dominate the market even though regulation itself has been internationalized to some extent. Deterritorialization has been slow for various reasons: tax, law, cultural and structural differences play a part, but the limited market share of mortgage intermediaries and the unequal treatment of foreign mortgage lenders in some countries also form a barrier. Path‐dependent trajectories are highly important, but can sometimes be bypassed by global processes or downplayed by the entry of foreign firms. The secondary mortgage market is increasingly becoming globalized, while most primary mortgage markets remain largely national. The financial crisis may temporarily slow down securitization, while simultaneously both decreasing and increasing the globalization of mortgage regulation, firms and markets.Résumé: La mondialisation et l'européanisation conduisent‐elles à la déterritorialisation des marchés hypothécaires européens? Ni la mondialisation économique ni les politiques de l'UE n'ont produit un marché unique européen du crédit hypothécaire. Au sein de l'Europe, les marchés hypothécaires restent très différents à plusieurs titres. Dans la plupart des pays, les établissements de prêt nationaux dominent encore le marché, même si on a relativement internationalisé la réglementation. La déterritorialisation se fait lentement pour plusieurs raisons; fiscalité, législation, différences culturelles et structurelles pèsent, mais la part de marché restreinte qu'occupent les intermédiaires en prêts hypothécaires, ainsi que le traitement inégal réservé aux prêteurs étrangers dans certains pays, constituent également un obstacle. Les chemins de dépendance sont particulièrement importants, bien qu'ils puissent parfois être contournés par des processus mondialisés, ou être minimisés par l'accès de sociétés étrangères. En matière de crédit hypothécaire, le marché secondaire se mondialise de plus en plus, tandis que les marchés primaires demeurent en grande partie nationaux. La crise financière va peut‐être ralentir temporairement la titrisation, tout en atténuant et renforçant parallèlement la mondialisation de la réglementation, des sociétés et des marchés du crédit hypothécaire.Keywords
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