Synchronous triggering of trout sperm is followed by an invariable set sequence of movement parameters whatever the incubation medium

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Abstract
The movement of live trout spermatozoa is very brief (25 sec at 20°C) and conditions have been developed to get synchronous initiation of sperm motility which allowed quantification of the major parameters of sperm movement during the motility phase. Recorded flagellar beat frequencies decreased steadily from values of 55 Hz at the beginning to 20 Hz at the end of the motility phase. Sperm forward velocities followed a similar pattern from 250 to 20 μm.sec−1 in the same conditions and the diameters of sperm trajectories were reduced from 370 to 40 μm. Thus none of the characteristics of sperm movement was constant during the motile phase which ended abruptly by a straightening of the flagella. The decrease in flagellar beat frequencies and sperm velocities are much greater than what could be extrapolated from the decrease of intracellular ATP (Christen R. et al: Eur. J. Biochem, 166:667–671, 1987) or from measurements of ATP-dependence of reactivated sperm velocities (Okuno M. and Morisawa N.: In Biological Functions of Microtubules and Related Structures. New York: Academic Press, pp. 151–162, 1982). Therefore, the cessation of flagellar beating at 25 sec is not directly the result of the low concentration of intracellular ATP. The decrease in the diameters of sperm trajectories which occurred during the first part of the motility phase was correlated with [Ca]i measurements (Cosson M.P. et al, Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 14:424–434, 1989). The effect of Ca2+ at the axonemal level does not indicates that Ca2+ influx is previous to flagellar beating but rather suggests a classical Ca2+ regulation of the flagellar assymetry. The short duration of the motility phase and the characteristics of sperm movement were very similar in various conditions (high external K+, low pH media) where increased external Ca2+ or divalent ions were shown to overcome K+ and H+ inhibition of sperm motility, both conditions which have been shown to depolarize the plasma membrane potential (Gatti J.L. et al: J. Cell Physiol., 143:546–554, 1990). The present study of the parameters of sperm movement suggests that once motility is initiated, a defined set of axonemal events will take place whatever the external conditions.