Abstract
The orphaned workers of a temperate paper wasp, P. snelleni Saussure, laid female-producing eggs in the field. Female worker offspring were produced in 15 (83.3%) of 18 orphaned nests. On the average, 39.4% of the sexed offspring were females. Mating by workers was confirmed by dissection of spermathecae, which contained sperm. In the laboratory, orphaned workers not allowed to mate did not produce female offspring. Production of female eggs by thelytokous parthenogenesis is unlikely.