Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol in sheep after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration

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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were studied in sheep after 3 single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations (30 mg/kg). The two extravascular routes were studied during a crossover trial for a bioequivalence test. After IV and SC administrations, the plasma‐concentration time graphs were characteristic of a two‐compartment model, and after IM administration it was chracteristic of a monocompartment model. The two routes of absorption were not bioequivalent. Using the kinetic values, multidose regimens to maintain the therapeutic chloramphenicol blood level (5 μg/ml) were proposed: 60 mg/kg every 12 hours for 72 hours for the IM administration and 45 mg/kg administered subsutaneously according to the same regimen. A study of the chloramphenicol residues in tissues was carried out. Chloramphenicol residues remained at the injection site, and 400 hours would be necessary to obtain the level of 10 μg/kg. Determination of the creatinine phosphokinase serum values showed that the subcutaneous route induced less damage to muscle than the intramuscular route.