Proprioceptive Discrimination of a Covert Operant without Its Observation by the Subject

Abstract
When the subject occasionally emitted an invisibly small thumb twitch (detected electromyographically), he received a tone as a signal to press a key. After several conditioning sessions, the tone was progressively diminished to zero. The subject nevertheless continued to press the key whenever he emitted a thumb twitch, and he reported that he still heard the tone.

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