Unintended effects of the clinician in clinical interaction

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Abstract
Unintended effects of the clinician affecting his client's behaviour are distinguished from those effects of the clinician affecting only his own perception of the client. A crude taxonomy is provided and most effects of the clinician are treated only illustratively. More exhaustive treatment is given to the interpersonal effects of the clinician's expectancies about the patient's behaviour on the actual subsequent behaviour of the patient. On the basis of the experiments reviewed, considered as a set, we would err only once in 40,000 times were we to conclude that the clinician's expectancy for his patient's performance may be a partial determinant of that performance. The absolute and relative magnitudes of clinician expectancy effects are discussed as well as some theoretical and practical implications.

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