Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, -9, and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Patients with Hypertension

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Abstract
There are conflicting data in the literature regarding the expression pattern of the vascular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in human hypertension. The authors hypothesized that MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 would be abnormal in hypertension, reflecting alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover. The authors measured plasma levels and activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in 44 hypertensive patients and 44 controls. MMP-2 levels and activity were significantly higher in hypertensive group (p < .0001). Significant increase was also observed for MMP-9 level and activity (p < .0001) and for TIMP-1 (p < .0001) in hypertensive patients. Plasma levels and activities of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 are increased in hypertensive patients, which may reflect abnormal ECM metabolism.