Heat-capacity study of phase transitions in the liquid-crystal racemic 4−(2′−methylbutyl)phenyl−4′−n−nonyloxybiphenyl−4−carboxylate (2M4P9OBC)

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Abstract
The heat capacity of racemic 4−(2′−methylbutyl)phenyl−4′−n−nonyloxybiphenyl−4−carboxylate (2M4P9OBC) has been measured in the vicinity of the SmC−SmI, SmI−SmG, and SmG−SmH phase transitions. The nature of the SmC−SmI transition will be discussed in the context of known microscopic pictures of each phase. In contrast to the continuous SmA−hexatic−B phase transition found in n−hexyl−4′−n−pentyloxybiphenyl−4−carboxylate, an asymmetric heat-capacity anomaly is identified in the SmC−SmI transition of 2M4P9OBC.