Competitive exclusion of clonal subpopulations in heterogeneous tumours after stromal injury

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Abstract
Xenografted artificial heterogeneous tumours (AHTs) were created by admixing, in a ratio of 9:1 or 1:9, two clonal subpopulations (designated as clones A and D) obtained from a heterogeneous human colon adenocarcinoma. In unperturbed AHTs these percentages remain constant with increasing tumour size. At average volumes of 250 mm3, AHTs were X-irradiated (15 Gy) and changes in growth rate and composition assayed. A and D cells exhibited equivalent levels of survival after in vivo irradiation as determined by excision assay procedures. At about 2-3 weeks post-irradiation AHTs exhibited a significant enrichment of the majority population in both the 1:9 or 9:1 A:D AHTs. Additional studies were concomitantly performed to determine whether these changes were mostly a function of normal tissue damage or of parenchymal tumour cell killing. In these studies, the normal tissue only was irradiated, tumour cells were implanted one day after irradiation, and the composition of AHTs assayed as a function of time post-irradiation. In these studies, similar shifts in composition with similar kinetics to that seen in the in situ irradiations were found. We therefore propose that these compositional shifts are mainly a reflection of radiation damage to the stromal microenvironment, which is consequently unable to support tumour growth adequately leading to competitive exclusion of the minority subpopulation.