Abstract
The red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is an endangered species endemic to mature open pine (Pinus spp.) forests of the southeastern USA. The tree cavities of this species are conspicuous and since they are always in living pines, they remain long after the birds occupying them have left or died. For this reason and others, estimates of this species'' abundance are often inflated by observers using the presence of tree cavities as an indication of the birds'' presence. Characteristics of tree cavities used by red-cockaded woodpeckers and evidence of the species'' presence that can be used by forest or wildlife managers is discussed.

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