Detection of atrial activity from high-voltage leads of implantable ventricular defibrillators using a cancellation technique

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Abstract
The inability to detect atrial activity limits implantable ventricular cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in discriminating tachycardias and can result in inappropriate therapy. This study attempted to detect atrial activity on the wide-spaced bipole signals formed by the high-voltage (HV) leads of the ICD during device implantation and to develop an algorithm for the detection of atrial fibrillation (AFib) from these signals. We used a method that canceled ventricular and correlated atrial activity from the HV lead signals and measured frequency and amplitude distribution information to discriminate sinus rhythm (SR) and AFib segments. We analyzed 186 data segments from 21 patients (six AFib, 14 SR, one AFib and SR). For individual segments in this data set, the sensitivity of the algorithm was 78%, specificity 92.65%, positive and negative predictive values 79.59 and 91.97%, respectively. These results demonstrate that atrial activity is present in the HV lead signals, and AFib detection can be achieved in many, but not all cases, using information currently available to ICD's. Prior work from surface electrocardiograms suggests that this algorithm can function during ventricular tachycardias. However, specificity of the algorithm is not high enough for clinical use.