Familial Lupus Erythematosus

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Abstract
Familial systemic lupus erythematosus offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the role of genetic immunologic and viral factors in its patho-genesis. In the 25 years since the report of the disease in twins,1 there have been approximately 50 families in which multiple members have been found to have systemic lupus erythematosus.2 3 4 5 6 In addition to an increased familial occurrence of various autoimmune diseases, antinuclear antibody and numerous serologic abnormalities have been found in family members.4 Spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus has also been described in dogs, and can include facial rash, polyarthritis, nephritis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, L.E.-cell phenomenon and antibody to nucleic . . .