Vascular Endothelial Cell Antibodies in Diabetic Patients: Association With Diabetic Retinopathy

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Abstract
Objectives: To determine the incidence of antiendothelial cell antibodies in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Research Design and Methods: The study consisted of 70 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects, 36 non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects, and 40 nondiabetic control subjects. Blood samples were obtained from diabetic patients and control subjects and patients with background and proliferative retinopathy were identified. Results: Vascular endothelial cell (VEC) antibodies were examined in the sera of 36 NIDDM subjects, 70 IDDM subjects, and 40 nondiabetic control subjects by indirect immunofluorescence. VEC antibodies were present in 5 of 40 (12%) control subjects, 7 of 23 (30%) newly diagnosed IDDM patients, 6 of 17 (35%) IDDM patients without retinopathy, 12 of 18 (67%) IDDM patients with background retinopathy (P <0.05), and 9 of 12 (75%) IDDM patients with proliferative retinopathy (P <0.01). Three of 13 (23%) NIDDM patients with retinopathy and 6 of 23 (26%) without retinopathy were VEC antibody positive. No associations were observed between the presence of VEC antibodies and either the quality of glycemic control or the duration of diabetes. A significant association between VEC antibodies and large-vessel disease was found in IDDM patients with retinopathy (P <0.05). Conclusions: Antibodies directed against vascular endothelial cells may play a role in the development of microvascular, and possibly macrovascular, disease in diabetes.

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