Reproductive biology of Gambusia affinis holbrooki Baird and Girard, Xiphophorus helleri (Gunther) and X. maculatus (Heckel) (Pisces; Poeciliidae) in Queensland, Australia

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Abstract
The reproductive biology of three introduced Poeciliidae, Gambusia affinis holbrooki Baird and Girard, Xiphophorus helleri (Günther) and X. maculatus (Heckel) was studied over a 14‐month period in Brisbane, Queensland. Photoperiod and water temperature determined the length of the breeding season in G. affinis, which produced up to nine broods between August and March, with the peak of reproductive activity in October. Fecundity was linearly related to body weight in G. affinis (mean fecundity = 22.78 ± 1.02, range = 3–108 offspring per brood). Xiphophorus helleri bred from August to May, producing eight to nine broods, with peak reproductive activity from October to December. Fecundity was curvilinearly related to body weight (mean fecundity = 60.15 ± 3.8, range = 7–183 offspring per brood. Xiphophorus maculatus bred between September and March, producing five to six broods during the study period. Fecundity was linearly related to standard length (s.l.) (mean fecundity = 27.27 ± 2.4, range = 3–92 offspring per brood). Although the reproductive strategy of the three species differs, all have the capacity to build up large populations in south‐eastern Queensland. Their present distributions and relative abundance are discussed.