Comparison of In Vivo Temperatures Produced by Hydrotherapy, Paraffin Wax Treatment, and Fluidotherapy®

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Abstract
The effectiveness of a new heat modality, Fluidotherapy®, was compared with other superficial heat modalities by in vivo temperature measurements. The joint capsule and muscle temperatures in the hands and feet were measured in subjects treated with hydrotherapy, paraffin wax, and Fluidotherapy®. Fluidotherapy® is a dry heat modality consisting of finely divided solids suspended in an air stream. The dry heat modality, applied at 118°F (47.78°C), resulted in maximum joint capsule and muscle temperature rises of 16.2°F (9°C) and 9.5°F (5.27°C), respectively, compared to 13.5°F (7.5°C) and 8.1°F (4.5°C) for paraffin wax treatment and 10.8°F (6.0°C) and 7.7°F (4.3°C) for a 102°F (38.89°C) water bath, at a depth of about 0.5 cm beneath the skin. At depths down to 1.2 cm, superficial heat modalities are more effective than diathermy and much more effective than ultrasound in elevating temperature.

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