Imaging of human brain creatine kinase activity in vivo

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Abstract
Creatine kinase activity and high-energy phosphate concentration have been investigated using localized 31P spectroscopy in the human brain in vivo. The phase-modulated rotating frame imaging technique, incorporating magnetization transfer and inversion recovery, has been used to produce a 1-dimensional rate profile map of steady-state enzyme activity. Large differences in the flux from phosphocreatine (PCr) to ATP have been discovered between volumes of human brain consisting of predominantly gray (2.0 cm) and white (4.5 cm) matter. The concentration of PCr changes slightly (2.0 cm = 5.20 ± 0.45 mmol ·1−1, 4.5 cm = 4.63 ± 0.31 mmol·1−1), while the ATP concentration remains within limits (3.30 ± 0.4 mmol · 1−1). No change in pHi was detected between the two regions in normal volunteers (n = 6). The forward rate constant of the PCråATP reaction in regions of predominantly gray matter (0.30 ± 0.04 s−1) was twice that of white matter (0.16 ± 0.02 s−1) in vivo.— Cadoux-Hudson, T. A.; Blackledge, M. J.; Radda, G. K. Imaging of human brain creatine kinase activity in vivo. FASEB J. 3: 2660-2666; 1989.